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Houghton Mifflin Harcourt: Founded 1832; 186 years ago ( 1832) Founder Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, George Mifflin Country of origin United States Headquarters location, Massachusetts Distribution self-distributed (US) (Canada trade) (Canada textbooks) Melia Publishing Services (UK) Client Services (Latin America, South America, Asia and Europe) Peribo (Australia) Key people Jack Lynch, President and CEO Publication types Books, software Clarion, Graphia, Mariner, Sandpiper, HMH Books for Young Readers, Books Revenue $1.41 billion(2017) No. Of employees 4,000+ Official website Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (; HMH) is an educational and trade publisher in the United States. Headquartered in 's, it publishes, instructional technology materials, assessments, and fiction and non-fiction for both young readers and adults.

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Houghton Mifflin Harcourt at 222 Berkeley Street, Boston, Massachusetts The company was formerly known as Houghton Mifflin Company but changed its name following the 2007 acquisition of. Prior to March 2010, it was a subsidiary of Limited, an Irish-owned holding company registered in the and formerly known as. In 1832, and began a small publishing business and gradually gathered an impressive list of writers, including, and. The duo formed a close relationship with Riverside Press, a printing company owned. Shortly after, Houghton also founded a publishing company with partner George Mifflin.

In 1880, and Houghton and Mifflin merged their operations, combining the works of writers with the expertise of a publisher and creating a new partnership named Houghton, Mifflin and Company. The company still had debt from when it merged from Houghton, Osgood and Company, so it decided to add partners. In 1884, James D.

Hurd, the son of Melancthon Hurd became a partner. Three people in 1888 became partners as well: James Murray Kay, Thurlow Weed Barnes, and Henry Oscar Houghton Jr. Shortly thereafter the company established an Educational Department, and from 1891 to 1908 sales of educational materials increased by 500 percent. Soon after 1916, Houghton Mifflin became involved in publishing and testing materials, working closely with such test developers as E. The company was the fourth-largest educational publisher in the United States in 1921. In 1961, Houghton Mifflin famously passed on Julia Child's, giving it up to who published it in 1962.

It became an overnight success and is considered by many to be the bible of French cooking. Houghton Mifflin's strategic error was depicted in the 2009 film.

In 1967, Houghton Mifflin became a publicly traded company on the under the stock symbol HTN. Under (new from 1991) president Houghton Mifflin acquired in 1994 for $138 million, an educational publisher of secondary school materials, and in following year, a publisher of supplemental educational resources. In 1996, the company created their Great Source Education Group to combine the supplemental material product lines of their School Division and these two companies. In 1998, HMH announced a sub-brand called LOGAL Software, which was to release a new line of interactive science software called, to support the United States curriculum. As of 2017, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt is offering the 'Logal Science' brand as a licensing opportunity on its website. In 2017, it was announced that Houghton Mifflin Harcourt would be getting involved with TV production with a planned 2019 Netflix series that's reviving the franchise.

Creation of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (M&A) activities have had major effects on this company. Vivendi purchase In 2001, Houghton Mifflin was acquired by French media giant for $2.2 billion including assumed debt.

In 2002, facing mounting financial and legal pressures, Vivendi sold Houghton to investors, and for $1.66 billion, including assumed debt (approximately 25% less than Vivendi had paid a year earlier). Riverdeep merger with Houghton Mifflin On December 22, 2006, it was announced that had completed its acquisition of Houghton Mifflin. The new joint enterprise would be called the Houghton Mifflin Riverdeep Group. Riverdeep paid $1.75 billion in cash and assumed $1.61 billion in debt from the private investment firms Thomas H. Lee Partners, Bain Capital and Blackstone Group. Tony Lucki, a former non-executive director of Riverdeep, remained in his position as the company's chief executive officer until April 2009. Houghton Mifflin sold its professional testing unit, Promissor, to in 2006.

The company combined its remaining assessment products within Riverside Publishing, including San Francisco-based. Harcourt merger On July 16, 2007, Houghton Mifflin Riverdeep announced that it signed a definitive agreement to acquire the, Harcourt Trade and Greenwood-Heinemann divisions of for $4 billion.

The expanded company would become Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. McDougal Littell was merged with Harcourt's Holt, Rinehart & Winston to form. On December 3, 2007, (formerly Thomson Learning) announced that it had agreed to acquire the assets of the Houghton Mifflin College Division for $750 million, pending regulatory approval.

On November 25, 2008, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt announced a temporary freeze on acquisition of new trade division titles, allegedly in response to the. The publisher of the trade division resigned, apparently in protest. Many observers familiar with the publishing industry saw the move as a devastating blunder. Harcourt Religion was sold to in 2009. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt restructuring On July 27, 2009, the newspaper reported that Houghton Mifflin Harcourt's controlling shareholder was in the process of a re-structuring negotiations with its unsecured-debt holders that would lead to the conversion of the debt into equity. The news story reported that the unsecured debt holders would receive a 45% equity stake. As a result, the royal family of Dubai via their Capital investment vehicle became major stakeholders.

Estimates were that EMPG would cut its debt from $7.3bn to $6.1bn. On August 15, 2009, the newspaper reported in an interview with Houghton Mifflin Harcourt's CEO at the time, Barry O'Callaghan, that the refinancing had received approval of more than 90% of lenders. The terms included the holding company debt converting into 45% of the fully diluted common equity, an effective 25 per cent relaxation of financial covenants, second lien lenders agreeing to convert their holdings into a PIK instrument, reducing annual interest costs by $100m, and a further $50m increase its working capital facility. Second round restructuring A further restructuring of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt's debts was confirmed by the company on January 13, 2010. The proposed restructuring materially impacted the shareholders of, the former holding company of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Recapitalization in 2010 On February 22, 2010, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt announced that EMPG and HMH had reached an agreement to restructure the finances of the company and recapitalize its balance sheet with a substantial fresh cash investment by institutional investors.

The agreement, supported by 100% of HMH's creditors, highlighted a reduction in the senior debt to $3 billion from the current $5 billion, with new equity issued to the senior debt holders (including and ), conversion of the $2 billion mezzanine debt into equity and warrant, receipt of $650m of new cash from the sale of new equity. In addition to the key highlights, HMH announced its new $100m Innovation Fund, to invest in the next generation of technology for the education industry. The Irish Times reported that the investments by the then equity holders of EMPG, including HMH's CEO at the time, private clients of Davy Stockbrokers, Reed Elsevier, and others of over $3.5 billion would be written down to zero. Additionally, the Irish Independent reported that following the restructuring, the investors of EMPG would have a nominal investment in Houghton Mifflin Harcourt via warrants over 5% of the company if it exceeded the $10 billion valuation placed on the company at the time of the merger between Houghton Mifflin Riverdeep and Harcourt.

In addition to the warrants in HMH, the EMPG shareholders would continue to own a stake in the international investment vehicle, which has stakes in China, the Middle East and elsewhere. The Financial Times reported that no management changes were expected as part of the deal with both the CEO at the time, and the CFO, Michael Muldowney expected to remain in their roles.

MifflinHoughton mifflin assessment guide grade 3

The Times reported that a new nine-member board was to be created with the CEO the only executive representative, one independent, two representative of Paulson & Co, and one director from each of Apollo, BlackRock, Guggenheim Partners, Fidelity and Avenue Capital. On March 10, 2010, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt announced that it had completed its re-capitalization. In addition to a new investment of $650 million of equity, the debt levels of the company were reduced by approximately 60% and the annual interest payments by over 75%. According to the Irish State Broadcaster, the old equity investors based in Ireland has lost all their investment. The reported that the old shareholders were denied a shareholders meeting to vote or discuss the restructuring.

The former shareholders have been left with warrants over 5% of the company, in the case its value recovers to previous levels. On September 19, 2011, it was announced that Linda K. Zecher would be replacing Barry O'Callahan as chief executive officer and Director of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt after O'Callahan resigned. Zecher went to HMH from Microsoft.

In 2012, HMH acquired the culinary and reference portfolio of, including and. The company went public in November 2013. On February 15, 2017, John J. ('Jack') Lynch, Jr., the former CEO of Renaissance Learning, was named the new CEO of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Leadership changes On September 22, 2016, Zecher resigned from HMH and was replaced by Interim CEO and Board Member L.

Gordon Crovitz. Crovitz is a former publisher of the Wall Street Journal. On February 15, 2017, John J. ('Jack') Lynch, Jr., the former CEO of Renaissance Learning, was named the new CEO of HMH. Jack brought Jim O’Neill back to the company to lead the core division as GM and EVP. Awards and accolades Curious George at the Zoo was rated a Top Ten app under the Education Games category for the iPad, iPhone, and iPod Touch in 2012.

Go George Go!, a mobile app for preschoolers, received the Editor's Choice Award from the Children's Technology Review in 2011. Go Math!, a K–6 product, was named a Reader's Choice Top 100 product by District Administration in 2010. In 2015, CTO Brook Colangelo won Boston Business Journal's CIO of the year. In 2016, the company was named as one of Forbes' Top 100 companies for Remote Jobs.

See also. References. Retrieved 2017-12-25. Retrieved 2017-12-25. Editor, Sean Cavanagh Senior (2017-11-13).

Houghton Mifflin Assessment Guide

Market Brief. Retrieved 2018-01-21. Retrieved 2017-12-25. Retrieved 2018-02-12. Archived from the original on December 23, 2007. Retrieved December 23, 2008. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown.

Houghton Mifflin. Archived from the original on December 13, 2007. Retrieved April 23, 2012. Retrieved 2013-08-18. Retrieved 2013-08-18. Ltd., LOGAL Educational Software & Systems. Retrieved 2017-01-17.

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Retrieved 2017-01-17. Netflix Media Center. Retrieved 2017-04-21. SUZANNE KAPNER AND ANDREW ROSS SORKIN. , October 31, 2002.

'.' , January 1, 2003., Bookdownloading.com, December 22, 2006. Edgecliffe-Johnson, Andrew and Peter Smith., Financial Times, October 25, 2006. Trachtenberg, Jeffrey A., Wall Street Journal, November 25, 2008. December 6, 2008, at the. Streitfeld, David (December 28, 2008).

The New York Times. June 5, 2009. Retrieved 2013-08-18.

July 28, 2009. Retrieved 2013-08-18. Edgecliffe, Andrew (August 15, 2009). Retrieved 2013-08-18. January 14, 2010. Retrieved 2013-08-18. Retrieved 2015-05-31.

February 23, 2010. Retrieved 2013-08-18.

The Irish Times. Retrieved 24 February 2015. February 23, 2010. Archived from on February 17, 2013. Retrieved 2013-08-18. Edgecliffe, Andrew (February 23, 2010). Retrieved 2013-08-18.

Business Wire. March 10, 2010. Retrieved 2013-08-18. March 10, 2010.

Retrieved 2013-08-18. March 11, 2010. Archived from on August 2, 2012.

Retrieved 2013-08-18. Retrieved April 20, 2017. Media Decoder Blog.

The platter turns smoothly on a ball-bearing mechanism. Bowls are machine washable. The bowls measure about 3 1/2 inches across with 1/2 cup capacity, and rest snugly in the mahogany platter's laser-cut openings. Also suitable for serving fruit, nuts, tapas, dips, and more. Posing guide 1 motifs by design.

Retrieved 2014-09-06. November 14, 2016. Retrieved April 20, 2017 – via Reuters. Retrieved April 20, 2017. Retrieved April 20, 2017. Retrieved 2013-12-11. January 11, 2011.

Houghton Mifflin Assessment Guide Grade 3

Retrieved 2013-08-18. Retrieved 2013-11-13. Harris, David (June 17, 2015). Shin, Laura. Retrieved 2017-01-27. External links.